Mid-market rateThe midpoint between buy and sell prices; the benchmark for fair comparison.
Spread / marginThe difference between the rate you get and the mid-market rate; how most providers are paid.
Currency pairTwo currencies quoted against each other, e.g. USD/EUR = euros per one dollar.
SpotA conversion at today's rate, usually settling within two business days.
Forward contractA rate fixed today for exchange on a future date.
Forward pointsThe adjustment to the spot rate for a forward, reflecting interest-rate differences.
Value dateThe date on which the currencies are actually exchanged and settled.
Limit orderAn instruction to convert automatically if the rate reaches a better target.
Stop-loss orderAn instruction to convert automatically if the rate falls to a set floor.
OptionThe right, but not the obligation, to exchange at a set rate, usually for a premium.
SWIFT / BICAn international code identifying a bank, used to route cross-border payments.
IBANInternational Bank Account Number, used in Europe and many other countries.
Correspondent bankAn intermediary bank that helps route a payment between two banks, sometimes charging a fee.
SEPAThe Single Euro Payments Area scheme for euro transfers across participating European countries.
ACH / FedwireUS domestic payment networks: batch-based ACH and real-time gross settlement Fedwire.
KYC / KYBKnow your customer / know your business: identity checks required of regulated providers.
Money services business (MSB)A US category, registered with FinCEN, that includes money transmitters and currency exchangers.
Reference rateA rate published for information by an official body, such as the ECB; not a dealable price.